Re: New X-ray orbiter finds universe hotter than thought, etc

From: Stephen E. Jones (sejones@iinet.net.au)
Date: Fri Feb 18 2000 - 09:05:59 EST

  • Next message: Stephen E. Jones: "Re: Science vs. science"

    Reflectorites

    Below are web article links, headlines and/or paragraphs for the period 3 - 10 February,
    with my comments in square brackets.

    Steve

    PS: If anyone received an e-mail requesting prayer for the release of Mike Hutchinson,
    a missionary in Africa who ran over and killed a Muslim boy, it is a hoax, but with an
    element of truth. E-mail me privately for details.

    ================================================================
    http://www.cnn.com/2000/TECH/space/02/10/xray.pics/index.html ...
    CNN ... New X-ray orbiter finds universe hotter than thought ... February
    10, 2000 ... MADRID -- It's gathering images of a spider-shaped nebula, a
    pack of colliding galaxies and a deep-red star. And the XXM-Newton -- a
    new Xray observatory in Earth orbit -- is producing pictures that European
    Space Agency (ESA) scientists say suggest the universe is hotter than
    estimated. "I am amazed by the quality of the pictures as compared to
    previous X-ray missions," says a statement from Prof. Roger Bonnet,
    ESA's director of science. "We see on them a lot of new sources, especially
    in the parts of the spectrum which correspond to the hottest temperatures
    and we see that the universe is hotter than we thought." Observation of
    objects from space -- over a range of X-ray, ultraviolet and visible
    wavelengths -- is a unique feature of the XMM-Newton observatory,
    which the ESA launched in December. The satellite is named for Sir Isaac
    Newton (1642-1727) and the spectroscopy he's credited with inventing. ...
    [I wonder whether this will be relevant to the Big Bang and/or the age of
    the universe.]

    http://www.telegraph.co.uk/et?ac=000113078204876&rtmo=Q0wS33wR&atmo=tttttttd&pg=/et/00/2/10/ecnpig10.html
    Electronic Telegraph 10.02.00 ... 10,000 pigs killed in transplant labs By
    Marie Woolf SCIENTISTS have killed around 270 monkeys and more than
    10,000 pigs during research into animal-to-human transplants in the past
    four years, the Home Office disclosed yesterday.... MPs and animal welfare
    groups say that the use of so many animals is questionable on ethical
    grounds. ... Scientists have yet successfully to transplant a pig organ into a
    human. They are still trying to find ways of tackling the body's rejection of
    transgenic pig organs, and have encountered several types of rejection in
    tests, including "acute vascular rejection" and rejection involving white
    blood cells. ... [One wonders if they really need to kill that many animals
    for research?]

    http://dailynews.yahoo.com/h/nm/20000210/sc/science_desire_1.html
    Yahoo! ... February 10 ... Protein Forms Crossroad of Desire in Brain
    Study WASHINGTON (Reuters) - A protein known by the unromantic
    name of DARPP-32 acts as a kind of crossroads of sexual desire in the
    brain, and may be a key target for future aphrodisiacs, researchers said on
    Thursday. Female mice bred to lack the protein, or in whom it does not
    work, act as if they have no interest in sex, a team of researchers at Baylor
    College of Medicine in Houston, Rockefeller University in New York and
    the University of Texas reported. Writing in the journal Science, they said
    sex hormones travel along a certain pathway in the brain that merges with a
    pathway used by dopamine, an important neurotransmitter or message-
    carrying chemical linked with pleasure....The researchers do not suggest
    that the human brain works in just the same way, but said the rats and mice
    they used could be models for early experiments on ways to increase sexual
    desire ... Also: http://www.cnn.com/2000/NATURE/02/11/science.desire.reut/index.html
    [No doubt some cosmetic company will latch on to this. "Love potion
    #DARPP-32"? :-)]

    http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/health/newsid_638000/638305.stm BBC
    ... 10 February, 2000 ... Scientist rapped over forged letters GMC found
    scientist guilty of professional misconduct. An internationally-renowned
    scientist has been banned from unsupervised research after forging
    documents during drug research. Dr Henry Elliott had the restriction
    imposed on his practise for a year after the General Medical Council
    (GMC) was told he wrote two letters falsely claiming approval to test a
    drug on volunteers. A hearing was told Dr Elliott, based at West Glasgow
    Hospitals University NHS Trust, wrote the letters in October 1997 and
    January 1998. He admitted falsifying the papers. ... He had originally been
    given approval for the research into an anti-hypertension drug for drug
    company Sanofi Winthrop but when alterations were made he side-stepped
    the legal procedure and forged the letters. ...Member of the ethics
    committee and a boss of Dr Elliott at the NHS trust Professor John Reid
    said his colleague was guilty of a "serious lapse of judgement", but that it
    was an "isolated incident". ... The hearing was told he side-stepped the
    procedure to speed up the tests and did not stand to gain personally from
    the forgeries .... [There seems to be a lot of cases of scientific fraud being
    in the literature. Is this normal, or is it on the increase?]

    http://www.latimes.com/news/science/science/20000211/t000013695.html
    ... February 10, 2000 ... New State of Matter Exists, Physicists Say By
    USHA LEE MCFARLING, K.C. COLE, Times Science Writers A
    coalition of nuclear physicists is announcing today that it has gathered
    evidence of the existence of an entirely new state of high-energy matter-
    one that may have arisen in the first split seconds after the big bang. The
    finding, still hotly contested, would be the first experimental proof that
    such a state could exist and could eventually help explain how the stars and
    galaxies that make up the universe were formed. But many physicists who
    have been searching for such proof remained skeptical of the
    announcement and said they did not believe there was adequate evidence
    that the new state of matter had actually been created in the lab. Others
    suggested that the announcement was a political move, made by a
    European laboratory with aging machinery that will soon be eclipsed by a
    bigger and better machine being built in the United States. ... The
    announcement is somewhat unusual, because it is not based on one new
    experiment but on an accumulation of suggestive evidence gathered over
    several years. Several physicists not directly involved in the experiment
    were skeptical, if only because no one knows exactly what a quark-gluon
    "soup" looks like. That makes it almost impossible to say for certain
    whether the soup has been seen. The theories simply aren't strong enough
    to predict clear, unambiguous signals, the physicists say. ... Today's
    announcement, said one physicist, was being made so CERN could "stake
    its claim" to finding the plasma, although it did not have adequate proof to
    do so. "The Brookhaven machine is breathing down their neck," he said. ...
    Also: http://dailynews.yahoo.com/h/nm/20000210/sc/science_bigbang_5.html
    Yahoo! ... February 10 ... CERN Physicists Say Need More Research on
    Big Bang Reuters Photo By Stephanie Nebehay GENEVA (Reuters)
    Physicists claimed Thursday to have created a new form of matter ... They
    said further laboratory research must be carried out to duplicate more
    closely the conditions they believe existed in the microseconds after the Big
    Bang that created the universe. ... Earlier in the day, CERN announced that
    scientists working since 1994 had created a new form of matter through
    experiments which smashed together heavy lead ions in a fireball to prove a
    theory that for years had existed only on paper. ... The next challenge in the
    high-energy science falls to the United States, where a new national facility
    has just been built on Long Island in New York. The so-called Relativistic
    Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) is due to begin experiments this year. The
    Geneva-based CERN is winding down its current research, but expects by
    2005 to have on line a new accelerator, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).
    It will continue experimental heavy ion research at higher temperatures and
    densities. ... We would not have the World Wide Web, which was invented
    here (at CERN), without particle physics." ... [More on this. Note the
    bestowing of creator-hood on the Big Bang: "the Big Bang that created the
    universe"! The reminder that CERN invented the Web (or was it just the
    web browser?) seems irrelevant. It does sound like CERN was trying to
    hang on to priority and funding?]

    http://www.telegraph.co.uk/et?ac=000113078204876&rtmo=Q0wS33wR&atmo=tttttttd&pg=/et/00/2/10/ecnbuz10.html
    Electronic Telegraph 10.02.00 ... Bees do 'the knowledge' to sharpen their
    skills By Roger Highfield BEES wearing special radar reflectors have
    shown that they hone their navigational skills during training missions in
    the same way that London taxi drivers gain "the knowledge".... a newly
    developed radar system, in which bees wear very light reflectors, allowed
    them to be tracked during their practice flights. They appear to achieve this
    greater reconnaissance not by taking longer flights but by flying faster and
    faster, scientists reported last week in the journal Nature. ... [Likening the
    way bees acquire knowledge about their environment to how London taxi
    drivers acquire theirs could be taken as either a compliment to the taxi
    drivers or an insult to the bees! :-)]

    http://dailynews.yahoo.com/h/nm/20000209/sc/science_romans_1.html ...
    Yahoo! ... February 9 .... Romans May Have Reached New World First-
    Magazine LONDON (Reuters) - Christopher Columbus may not have been
    the first European to reach the New World -- the Romans may have got
    there first.... Anthropologist Roman Hristov, formerly of Southern
    Methodist University in Dallas, believes a small black terracotta head that
    was unearthed near Mexico City in 1933 is a Roman artifact and proof that
    the Romans arrived before Columbus. "Hristov believes the head is the first
    hard evidence of preHispanic trans-ocean contacts between the Old and
    New World," ... Hristov drilled material from the neck of the head which
    scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg
    tested and estimated was fired 1800 years ago. Art experts agree it is
    Roman and date it back to 200 AD. Archaeologists verified its authenticity
    because it was excavated from a site by professionals. ... [How do they
    know that someone post-Columbus did not bring it over with them? It's
    hard to believe the Romans sailed across the Atlantic in 200 AD and there
    is no record of it.]

    http://dailynews.yahoo.com/h/nm/20000209/sc/science_proteins_1.html ...
    Yahoo! ... February 9 ... Scientists Say Robots Speed Up Gene Research
    By Patricia Reaney LONDON (Reuters) - American scientists have used
    robots to record the interactions between proteins in a single cell in a
    technical tour de force that will help researchers learn about the function of
    unknown genes. ... identifying which proteins of the thousands of genes in
    a single cell interact can be painfully slow. Dr. Stanley Fields ... [has] ...
    automated the process and used robots to test the simultaneous interactions
    of roughly a thousand molecules inside a yeast cell. ... Proteins have
    complex, three-dimensional surfaces that work with a type of lock and key
    mechanism. They only bind to certain other proteins to carry out their
    function. "What we trying to do is to find all the keys," said Fields ...."It's a
    guide book in the sense that it allows you to cluster proteins to see if they
    interact with one another. It should be possible to test these interactions on
    any genome (genetic material in a cell), the human genome included," ....
    [I like the "lock and key mechanism" analogy. How did the `blind watchmaker'
    manage that? :-)]

    http://www.nytimes.com/library/national/science/020800sci-animalmotherhood.html
    The New York Times February 8, 2000 ... By NATALIE ANGIER
    Everybody knows what a good mother is. She is a lot like apple pie:
    reassuringly firm on the outside, but soft, sweet, warm and bland within. A
    good mother gets pleasure from the comfort and pleasure of others. A
    good mother gets pleasure from being sliced, diced and eaten alive. Yet
    while everybody knows what a good mother is, and everybody wants one,
    nobody seems to know where to find her -- and with reason.
    --- A new book aims 'to raise Darwin's consciousness.' --That good mother,
    who gives infinitely and unstintingly, is, in the phrase of the primatologist
    Sarah Blaffer Hrdy, the woman that never evolved, nor could have.. ...
    Now Dr. Hrdy has gathered her insight and research into a book, "Mother
    Nature: A History of Mothers, Infants and Natural Selection," ... Pantheon
    Books. ... Dr. Sarah Blaffer Hrdy, a primatologist at the University of
    California at Davis, spent 15 years on a book that views the mother-infant
    bond from a Darwinian perspective. ... it is the product of a woman who,
    before going into science, had considered becoming a novelist. It is the
    story of the mother-infant bond told from a nuanced but distinctly
    Darwinian perspective, an appraisal of how a welter of selective forces has
    shaped maternal behaviors, impulses and strategies over tens of thousands
    of years. Among its many narrative parries, the book challenges a bedrock
    assumption of evolutionary biology, the premise that males of most species,
    including humans, vary far more in reproductive success than do their
    female counterparts. ... [Dr Hrdy's wanted to be both a novelist and a
    scientist, so she managed to combine both: writing Darwinian `just-so'
    stories! :-)]

    http://dailynews.yahoo.com/h/nm/20000208/sc/health_genetherapy_3.html
    ... Yahoo! ... February 8 ... Experts Urge Caution in Gene Therapy
    Experiments By Maggie Fox, Health and Science Correspondent
    WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Gene therapy researchers, under heavy
    scrutiny after the death of a teenager, have quietly started to put some of
    their experiments on hold. But the head of a government oversight
    committee asked them on Tuesday not to panic, saying their research was
    too important to abandon. ... Jesse Gelsinger died after getting an
    experimental gene therapy treatment for a rare liver disorder last
    September. Soon after, it became clear the RAC was not getting required
    reports of problems encountered during gene therapy trials. Researchers
    are supposed to report to the RAC and the Food and Drug Administration
    (FDA). Now the RAC is considering tighter reporting requirements, saying
    researchers need to know if someone doing similar experiments has run
    into trouble, so they can protect their own patients. On Tuesday President
    Clinton asked Health and Human Services Secretary Donna Shalala to tell
    the Food and Drug Administration and the NIH to hurry up. "I want to
    know how we can better ensure that this information about the trials is
    shared with the public," Clinton said. "If we don't have full confidence in
    these trials people won't participate, and then the true promise of genetic
    medicine will be put on hold." Last month, the FDA stopped eight trials at
    the University of Pennsylvania, after Gelsinger, 18, died, saying it feared
    patient protections there might be too weak. Newspapers also reported
    about some other deaths during gene therapy experiments. One of them
    was Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, where two gene
    therapy trials, one for cancer and one for hemophilia, were underway. ...
    [While one sympathises with the need to take some risks in the hope
    that some terminally ill patients might be saved, that does not
    excuse lack of proper controls.]

    http://www.nytimes.com/library/national/science/020800sci-earth-asteroid.html
    The New York Times February 8, 2000 ... By WILLIAM J. BROAD For
    the fifth time in two years, astronomers have discovered an asteroid
    hurtling through space that might collide with the Earth. ... The likelihood
    of collision is considered slim: one chance in a million. While the projected
    date of any impact is 2022, astronomers say additional observations are
    needed to calculate the orbit of the asteroid better and to rule out a
    collision. The asteroid, 2000 BF19, is about half a mile wide, relatively
    small by cosmic standards, and if it struck Earth could do tremendous
    damage to part of the planet but would probably not cause planetwide
    destruction. It was discovered by three astronomers led by Dr. James V.
    Scotti using the Spacewatch Telescope on Kitt Peak in Arizona. They
    spotted the object on Jan. 28, and it was tracked until Feb. 3, when it
    disappeared. ... [This later turned out to be a false alarm] See:
    http://abcnews.go.com/sections/science/DailyNews/asteroid000208.html
    ABCNEWS ... Earth Dodges Another Asteroid. One-in-a-Million Chance
    Now Zero By Matthew Fordahl. The Associated Press. Feb. 9 - An
    asteroid initially thought to be on a possible collision course with Earth in
    2022 will miss the planet, astronomers said Tuesday after reviewing new
    data collected by scientists around the world ... &
    http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/sci/tech/newsid_636000/636481.stm BBC
    ... 9 February, 2000 ... Earth survives asteroid 'threat' No need to worry
    this time For the fifth time in two years, a report of an Earth-threatening
    asteroid was proven wrong within days of being announced. The asteroid
    was stated to be on a possible collision course with the Earth with the
    impact date set for 2022. It rapidly became clear that the asteroid would
    miss the planet by millions of kilometres. Some scientists fear the public
    may become desensitised to the warnings. "Someday, we're going to find
    something that will have a 1 in 1,000 or 1 in 100 chance of impacting
    Earth," said James Scotti, who discovered the asteroid last month at Kitt
    Peak National Observatory. "When that happens, I'd rather us be taken
    seriously." ...

    http://exn.ca/html/templates/printstory.cfm?ID=20000203-53
    EXN.CA ..... Stone Age clothing more advanced than thought by: Gloria
    Chang, ... February 3, 2000 Venus of Willendorf wore a
    woven basket hat, not an elaborate hairdo. .... Think of life for women in
    the Stone Age and you've probably got them in crudely fashioned dresses
    made of animal skin, perhaps being dragged across the cave floor by their
    hair. Or hovered over a hot fire tending to a dinner of mastodon or
    mammoth. Now think finely woven hats, belts and skirts - and a place in
    the highest echelons of society. That's what a new discovery tells us about
    women and their clothes in the upper Paleolithic. "It all began when we
    discovered and studied impressions of textiles and basketry and nets on
    little pieces of hard clay," explains Olga Soffer, an archeologist at the
    University of Illinois. "We saw an enormous diversity in loom-weaving,
    including plain weave, twining, and a good deal of basketry as well as
    nets." Venus of Kostenki wore a woven hat and a 'bandeau' with straps. ....
    The signs of the sophisticated weaving technologies were found on over 90
    pieces of clay in the Czech Republic dated at about 27,000 years ago. That
    makes them the earliest evidence of weaving. It was previously assumed
    that weaving didn't come about until 5,000 to 10,000 years ago during the
    Neolithic period. Soffer then compared the clay pieces to the so-called
    "Venus" figurines, which are also dated to about the same time, about
    25,000 years ago. "It suddenly struck us that what we were looking at
    under the microscope on these little fragments was precisely what was
    being shown as clothing on some of these 'naked ladies'." Venus of
    Predmosti, found in France. .... After careful study, she and her team
    identified fine detailing showing different weaving methods. And different
    items of clothing depending on which part of Europe the Venus figurines
    came from. Those from western Europe were adorned with basket hats or
    caps, belts worn at the waist and what Soffer calls a bandeau - a strap of
    cloth that wrapped around the body right above the breast. Eastern
    European women wore belts, hung low on the hips and sometimes string
    skirts. ... [More of this advanced Stone Age clothing, which IMHO tends
    to confirm the Biblical picture and disconfirms the evolution picture.]

    HIV/AIDS:

    http://www.nytimes.com/library/national/science/aids/020800hth-doctors.html
    The New York Times February 8, 2000 ... By LAWRENCE K. ALTMAN,
    M.D. SAN FRANCISCO, Feb. 4 -- In less than four years, the euphoria
    over the success of new drug combinations to treat AIDS has yielded to
    the sobering challenge of dealing with the drugs' complications and failures.
    Death rates for what had been an invariably fatal disease have dropped
    significantly since the introduction of combinations of protease inhibitors
    and other drugs. Many people with H.I.V., the AIDS virus, including some
    who were near death when they began taking the drug combinations in
    1996, continue to lead more or less normal lives, though they must take a
    number of pills at specified times throughout the day, at costs that can
    exceed $10,000 a year. ... But the unflagging optimism that AIDS scientists
    displayed at an international meeting on AIDS in Vancouver in 1996 was
    absent at the Seventh Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic
    Infections here from Jan. 30 through Feb. 2. One reason is that the
    infection is spreading through many parts of the world. Another is that
    many of the participants at the conference were doctors who treat infected
    people for whom the drug combinations have not worked as well. No one
    knows for sure how many they are: reports range from 30 percent to 70
    percent.... since AIDS was discovered in 1981, there have been few
    breakthroughs. ... the confusion reflects the price paid for the Food and
    Drug Administration's decision to license drugs faster in response to a
    public health emergency. Because many AIDS drug trials lasted less than
    four months, the complications were not recognized earlier. ... There was
    general agreement on one point: the need for further laboratory research,
    epidemiology and rigorously controlled clinical studies to better define the
    complications and find counter measures. ... [Up to 70% failure, costing
    $10,000 per patient per year? How do they know the reduction in deaths
    is due to the drugs?]
    ================================================================

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    Stephen E. (Steve) Jones ,--_|\ Email: sejones@iinet.net.au
    3 Hawker Avenue / Oz \ Web: http://www.iinet.net.au/~sejones
    Warwick 6024 -> *_,--\_/ Phone: +61 8 9448 7439
    Perth, Western Australia v "Test everything." (1 Thess. 5:21)
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