"Hofmann, Jim" wrote:
>
> Peter Ruest wrote (in part):
>
> "I don't posit a god-of-the-gaps. In theory, "methodological naturalism"
> may be the ideal for both atheistic and theistic scientists (in their
> science). But in practice, atheists are much less likely to recognize
> and concede that the origin of life and macroevolution pose
> informational problems. How should one be able to ever find a scientific
> solution to these problems if one doesn't even acknowledge them as such?
> In this area, talking about "emergence", "self-organization", "hierarchy
> theory", "generation of information" and the like is just so much
> hand-waving. Dembski's filter and Behe's mousetrap may not be the proper
> way of doing it, but somehow we have to deal with the problem of
> information if darwinian evolution is not to be left dangling in the
> air."
>
> I think those who work on these problems, such as my colleague Bruce Weber,
> would disagree about this just being "so much hand-waving". There are a
> couple of interesting papers at entries 17.2 and 17.9 of our website below.
>
> Jim Hofmann
> Philosophy Department and Liberal Studies Program
> California State University Fullerton
> http://nsmserver2.fullerton.edu/departments/chemistry/evolution_creation/web
Thank you for these references, 17.2 (Weber) and 17.9 (Schneider & Kay)!
I studied both papers, expecting to find some exciting new data on the
problem of the emergence of life and of biological functional
information. I was disappointed.
B.H. Weber ("Emergence of life and biological selection from the
perspective of complex system dynamics", in: G. Van de Vijver, S.N.
Salthe, M. Delpos (eds.), "Evolutionary Systems: Biological and
Epistemological Perspectives on Selection and Self-Organization"
(Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1998), 59-66) reviews past and present speculations
about the origin of life. He mentions a few experimental data about
prebiotic chemical systems that are speculated to have played a role in
the first preliminary steps of the process, up to now entirely unknown
and not understood, leading to the first living systems. He further
believes Kauffman's abstract computer simulation models of complex
systems might have some relevance for the self-organization of living
systems.
E.D. Schneider and J.J. Kay ("Life as a Manifestation of the Second Law
of Thermodynamics", Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 19 (No. 6-8,
1994), 25) do not even claim to discuss a mechanism for the origin of
biological functional information. They present a new formulation of the
Second Law, illustrating it with Bénard cells and with the energy budget
of biological ecosystems. They are concerned with the thermodynamical
aspects of far-from-equilibrium systems on a macro scale, without
dealing with any molecular-biological details. Specifically, they state
that their "restated second law... is a necessary but not sufficient
cause for life itself." They show that the evolution of life and the
development of ecosystems must obey the conditions of the second law,
but they just assume without discussion (as do most biologists) that the
emergence and evolution of life must have involved the generation of
genetic information out of environmental conditions and chance alone.
Neither of these papers gives any hint as to how this could possibly
function on the chemical/biochemical level.
Overall, the statement by L.E. Orgel, a longtime investigator of the
origin of life on the biochemical level (Trends Bioch.Sci. 23 (Dec.
1998), 491), seems to be much more to the point:
"There are three main contending theories of the prebiotic origin of
biomonomers [1. strongly reducing primitive atmosphere, 2. meteorites,
3. deep-sea vents]. No theory is compelling, and none can be rejected
out of hand...
"The situation with regard to the evolution of a self-replicating system
is less satisfactory; there are at least as many suspects, but there are
virtually no experimental data...
"[There is] a very large gap between the complexity of molecules that
are readily synthesized in simulations of the chemistry of the early
earth and the molecules that are known to form potentially replicating
informational structures...
"Several alternative scenarios might account for the self-organization
of a self-replicating entity from prebiotic organic material, but all of
those that are well formulated are based on hypothetical chemical
syntheses that are problematic...
"I have neglected important aspects of prebiotic chemistry (e.g. the
origin of chirality, the organic chemistry of solar bodies other than
the earth, and the formation of membranes)...
"There is no basis in known chemistry for the belief that long sequences
of reactions can organize spontaneously - and every reason to believe
that they cannot."
-- -------------------------------------------------------------- Dr Peter Ruest Biochemistry Wagerten Creation and evolution CH-3148 Lanzenhaeusern Tel.: ++41 31 731 1055 Switzerland E-mail: <pruest@dplanet.ch - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - In biology - there's no free lunch - and no information without an adequate source. In Christ - there is free and limitless grace - for those of a contrite heart. --------------------------------------------------------------
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