Volume 40 Number 3 MAY/JUN 1998
CSCA97 Reported
The Calgary Herald ran an article (Saturday, December 27, 1997, p. H6) under "Science & Faith" titled, "Complexity of creation points to guiding hand," by Pauline Finch-Drichen [Kitchener-Waterloo Record]. The CSCA Annual Meeting featured Michael Behe as speaker. His "irreducible complexity" argument is explained in the article with children's toys instead of mouse traps.
CSCA coverage was as follows:
"Behe, who was keynote speaker at a recent convention of the Canadian Scientific and Christian Affiliation, believes that the universe shows too much solid evidence of an "intelligent designer"ómost people use the word Godóto ignore some rather compelling deficiencies of Darwinism..."
According to the report, theologically motivated interest in origins ran high, as "an estimated 250 students, teachers, faculty, clergy and lay people of all ages poured into a University of Waterloo lecture theatre."
Michael Behe, a biochemistry teacher at Lehigh U. in Pennsylvania, has published more than 40 technical papers over a career spanning nearly two decades since he earned his Ph.D. for research in sickle-cell diseases. His book, Darwin's Black Box, published earlier last year, won the Christianity Today magazine's book-of-the-year award.
The article took a positive stance toward Behe's Intelligent Design ideas; for example:
" Even components as tiny and seemingly insignificant as the hair-like flagella on bacteria cells support Behe's arguments for intelligent, intentional design...And since even one missing part would render the flagellum immobile or erratic, Behe argued that it, too, is irreducibly complex and couldn't have developed through simple trial-and-error Darwinian evolution."
" science in general is still having trouble coming to terms with ideas like intelligent design in the cosmos and the existence of non-Darwinian examples of "extreme perfection" in creation...and to underscore the point, Behe referred to the world's leading journal of molecular evolution which has published about 1,000 articles since its inception. None, he maintained, deal with the actual origins of irreducibly complex systems or with the idea that intelligent design is compatible with empirical (measured and fact-based) science.
As a crowning touch for CSCA, the website address was given: http://www.csca.ca
The Jan. 2, 1998 issue of the Christian Courier also reported on Behe's talk in the story, "`Intelligent design' challenges evolution," written by Robert VanderVennen. He reported on Behe's talk at the U. of Waterloo and the CSCA annual meeting. "Theological ramifications are justified on the basis of purely empirical data," Behe was reported to have said, and that many areas of science imply intelligent design. David Humphreys moderated subsequent discussion among the 200 attendees, and Robert Mann, current CSCA president and physicist at the U. of Waterloo, explained the CSCA mission.
The CSCA meeting was also reported in the Jan/Feb `98 issue of Faith Today (p. 42), with comment by Mann. David Buckna, Robert VanderVennen
The Director's Corner
All good things must end sometime and new things start. Jack Haas has recently announced plans to retire from the editorship of our journal by the end of 1998. Jack will have served well for nine years. He took over from Wilbur Bullock with the beginning of volume 42 (1990). The staff will miss his enthusiastic weekly visits to the office to take care of journal business but he does plan to help us in other ways and assist the new editor. He is interested in helping Terry Gray with ASA's website. He worked to bring about some significant changes in the journal and these will be detailed at the time of his retirement. Right now the Council needs your prayers and your suggestions for the quest to find a new editor. Let us know if you have a personal interest in being considered for this very important post or know an ASAer who should be asked. It does not have to be someone near headquarters. We have been spoiled with that but with electronic communication, location matters less.
Jack Haas, program co-chair with R. J. Berry for the August 2ñ5, 1998 meeting, is spending even more time in the office these days to put the final touches on the program for Cambridge, England. He is very pleased with the overwhelming response to participate in the program. The other day he said that we will really have a "blast" at this meeting with all the things that are happening. Registrations are arriving and we are looking forward to receiving yours soon. Please do not miss the June 1 deadline. If you have not yet planned to come, why not make this an occasion to celebrate something special in this one life that God gives you.
The England/Ireland tour is still full with two bus loads but the waiting list has shrunk as anticipated so perhaps all who wish will be able to come. The plans for that trip just get better and better as David Franz continues to work on them. For example, those staying the additional two days in London will have day passes on public transportation around the greater London area.
It is with much pleasure that I announce to you that Dr. William D. Phillips, one of the 1997 Nobel prize winners in physics, will be our plenary speaker for the 1999 meeting at John Brown U. Dr. Phillips has a wonderful testimony and ASAers who have heard him speak are very complimentary. He also agreed to share at the ASA DC-Baltimore local section in the near future. Those of you in that area will be informed about the occasion. While we are at John Brown U., there are plans for a tour and attendance at a passion play. We would also like to include a seminar on evangelism. The dates for the joint CSCA/ASA meeting in 2000 at Gordon C. are tentatively set for August 4ñ7. If your date book goes up to 2002, you can mark down Pepperdine U. as the location for the annual meeting with Stanley Moore serving as local arrangements chair.
It was my privilege to represent ASA and science in general at the Council of Christian Scholarly Societies (CCSS) in March at Mundelein, IL Many other Christian societies were represented including economics, languages, mathematics, political science, visual arts, and so forth. Following that was an InterVarsity graduate conference on religious pluralism. In April I was asked to be the moderator for a panel discussion on Human Genetic Enhancement as a part of the ecumenical round table meeting in the Boston area. The committee met once a month for over a year discussing the area and planning the session. There are not too many dull moments.
The endowment fund is now at $39,881.00. There is more good news for the fund. One of our members is allowing $5,000 of a restricted gift to serve as a match for all moneys that come in for endowment between now and the end of the year. These gifts should be moneys beyond your usual gifts. If we are able to do this, we could have a fund of nearly $50,000 by the end of 1998. That is my goal. The Council chose A. Raymond Randall of the Ethos Advisory Services to be our investor. He has begun work setting up the endowment fund to best meet ASA's priorities. The Council has written a dissolution statement which is included in the revision of the Constitution and Bylaws which voting members are getting in the mail. If you are a voting member, please return your ballot promptly. Your vote is very important. One-third of our voting members must vote and two-thirds of those voting must vote in favor of the document for it to be approved.
On a personal note my family has much for which to thank God. Our Houghton, NY house finally sold last December. Thanks so much for your prayers in that matter. Joyce and I are now looking for a place to hang our hats in this area. We enjoy our rental but it is financially draining. This May our son, Mark, will graduate from Hershey Medical School in PA and enter an orthopedic surgery residency at Geisinger Memorial Hospital in Danville, PA. Orthopedic surgery is a five-year residency program. Mark's great desire was to enter orthopedics. He and his wife are also house hunting. God works out everything in his time.
Carol, Frances, and Lyn continue their efficient work in the office. They are definitely worth their hire and more. The constant burden is to keep the donations and dues flowing so that these servants can receive their proper compensation. We appreciate those who have sent donations in 1998. The total donation amount for the first quarter, however, is lower than anticipated. We pray that God will move in your heart to help us make up the gap.
It is a daily privilege to interact with different members either by phone, e-mail, or regular mail. ASAers keep popping up wherever I go and so do people who I believe would greatly benefit both themselves and our organization by becoming members. Do you know people like that whom you could recruit?
The audited 1997 financial report is now published and will be sent with my June letter. Thanks again for your prayers and anticipated gifts. I hope you experienced anew the wonderful joy of the Easter season.
Don
Doings
Richard Leo and Steve Jenkins have taken the initiative to start the first ASA student chapter at Grove City C., in western Pennsylvania. Over a dozen students joined ASA after the first meeting on the evening of Jan. 27, attended by about 90 students.
To interest students in the relationship of science and Christianity, the first meeting featured an overview of science and Christianity, presented by ASAN editor Dennis Feucht. The presentation surveyed a few major topics on which science and the church interact, emphasized that relating science and religion requires exercise of discernment in distinguishing between things that differ, and in discerning multiple aspects to issues. Science as a Christian calling was promoted, followed by more concrete examples of Christians in scienceóboth as individuals and organizations. The question and discussion time was vigorous and extended.
Students were given a questionnaire to help the group get started and find out their interests. ASAer Arnold Sodergren was also in attendance.
Thomas S. Jones vice-president of Industrial Quality, Inc. in Gaithersburg, MD is in the non-destructive testing field. Tom has been an ASAer for a couple of years. His oldest daughter, majoring in molecular biology at Grove City C., attended the meeting. Tom said, "I'd love to see some of our college kids have the support and guidance from other believersóit's one of the things I really like about Grove City. "I hope they really get the ball rolling." Fortunately, Grove City C. is within driving distance of several ASAers who could be invited to talk to their newly forming student chapter.
Leaflet Contest
The leaflet contest was intended to draw attention to and encourage popularization of the many worthwhile ideas floating about the ASA. Part of ASA's mission is to communicate helpful insights to the wider communities of both church and laboratory. I hope that the contest encouraged ASAers to continue efforts at popularization by speaking the truth in love to both communities.
This task is not trivial. Contest judges Wendy Lloyd and Betty Zipf commented about the gap between the content or presentation of some of the entries and the nonscientific reader. Writing an effective leaflet for a popular audience is an acquired skill, and the Editor thanks all the participants contributing to this effort.
The second-place leaflet, also by Robert C. Newman, appears in this issue of the ASAN.
New Perspectives Editor Sought
The venerable PSCF Editor, John W. Haas, Jr., is approaching retirement from the editing of ASA's journal. Should you become the next editor? It is not too early to start contemplating this important role and talking to the ASA office. (See above for more.) The role of the editor now includes ASA Press, ASA's cutting-edge quest to provide material on science and Christianity to others.
Carson Reassigned by DOE; Suit Filed
A news release entitled, "Oak Ridge Safety Expert Reassigned to Silence Disclosures of Safety Violations" marks the next round in Joseph Carson's ongoing saga at the U.S. Dept. of Energy (DOE).
Cited in the release, Carson is being helped in Washington, DC by the Project on Liberty and the Workplace (LAW). LAW's attorney, Bob Seldon, has filed a case representing Carson, the Government Accountability Project (GAP), and a broad coalition of public-interest groups, to prevent Carson's DOE reassignment from Oak Ridge to Germantown, Maryland. The DOE move is interpreted as clearly retaliatory and will make it impossible for Carson to continue to make protected disclosures about safety deficiencies at Oak Ridge.
Carson is a DOE nuclear safety specialist and is Site Resident at the Oak Ridge complex. His role is to be DOE's "eyes and ears" for safety at this facility. Oak Ridge community groups, such as the Center for a Healthy Environment, Oak Ridge Health Liaison, and the American Environmental Health Studies Project, have said:
"The fact that DOE would exercise its managerial authority as though this were an ordinary personnel action without considering its impact upon this community is an affront to the affected community.
Community leaders have grown to rely on Joe as the only DOE employee in Oak Ridge whom they can trust to be accurate, complete, and credible when educating the public on technical issues involving DOE compliance with safety and health laws, one of the groups stated.
Seldon states that, "the purpose of this (legal) action is to prevent the [DOE] from silencing the safety expert who is arguably the country's most prominent, knowledgeable, and prescient critic of DOE's lax attitude toward nuclear safety." DOE has repeatedly retaliated against Carson for his numerous disclosures of safety violations.
According to the release, huge quantities of highly carcinogenic and toxic substances were dumped onto the ground, into waterways, and into the atmosphere at Oak Ridge. It is also the site of the infamous human radiation experiments. These DOE activities have only recently become public knowledge.
The federal agencies that regulate operations in private nuclear industriesóOSHA and NRCódo not have jurisdiction over DOE facilities. This is the reason that Carson's activities are considered vital to the continuation of the operation of the facility and the health and safety of its employees and community members. Joe and two of his colleagues are the only oversight on DOE activities at the nuclear facility.
Among the 1997 issues Carson was actively investigating and criticizing are: deficiencies in DOE's Accident Investigation Program at Oak Ridge and inadequate verification of corrective actions; the closure or erasure of voluminous documented safety deficiencies without action; and DOE's acquiescence in accidents due to previously known safety hazards at one of its subcontractors. The DOE officials responsible for these safety deficiencies were Carson's own senior management.
Between 1992 and 1997 alone, Carson was slated for removal, reprimanded, stripped of all substantive work assignments, threatened with the revocation of his security clearance, and isolated from co-workers on the false ground that he may become violent at the workplace. This atmosphere is so forbidding, the release argued, that even though the Senior Site Resident at Oak Ridge agrees with Carson about the chilled atmosphere for safety, he has never reported it to the Director of the Site Resident program.
GAP's view of the DOE action was stated as follows: "Wrenching Mr. Carson from his position in the field and stationing him behind a desk in DOE will all but ensure that a program to promote a safety conscious work environment like the one now budding at NRC and in the commercial nuclear industry will never be the norm at DOE complexes."
Project LAW Attorney Seldon is representing Carson and GAP (as a co-plaintiff) in a preliminary injunction to halt these proceedings, which are effective March 2.
The full news release is on the Web at: www.accessone.com/gap/www/CARSONPR1.htm
Joe and his wife, Karen, are asking for support from others in addressing this situation. Joe says in an e-mail request: "Also please consider this situation in your prayers. We're not only struggling against men but `against powers and principalities.'...We are also very grateful for all the interest, prayers, and other expressions of support we have received from so many people who know us (and a number who didn't before)." Joe can be reached at: (423) 675-0236 home; (423) 574-9301 work; or e-mail:
jpcarson@mindspring.com
ASA Industrial Commission Warming Up
ASA has eleven commissions; one of them is the Industrial Commission, headed by John Osepchuk. John has a long history of involvement in the effects on humans of electromagnetic radiation (radio waves and electric and magnetic fields). He shared with Ed Olson a note from another ASAer suggesting that the Industrial Commission might consider working on a report on the science of global warming. This might best be done as a joint effort of the Industrial and Environment & Global Resources Commissions. To date, Ed has sent the Editor a draft copy of what, with some illustrations, could be a small book. Entitled "Is the Earth Warming Up?" the present book chapter has 371 references in 99 pages.
Dembski Talks in Western Canada
William Dembski toured western Canada February 4ñ6, speaking at Simon Fraser U., the U. of Calgary, and the U. of Saskatchewan. He was sponsored by the New Scholars Society in conjunction with Campus Crusade.
Bill said he sensed that in Canada, the Intelligent Design movement is entering a new phase of cultural engagement. It was not only the positive reception to his talks, the "Gospel of Intelligent Design" and "Redesigning Science" (new version), but also, as he put it, "the complete absence of any effective comeback by the opposition."
Bill gave a total of eight talks; all were well attended. At the U. of Saskatchewan, 110 faculty signed up, with 20 more having to be turned away for lack of spaceóover 10 % of the faculty attended, including the head of the biology department and the dean of the graduate school.
Joseph Sheldon 1998 Conservation Educator of the Year
Joseph Sheldon was humbled to find, upon his return from Belize, that he had been named the 1998 Conservation Educator of the Year by the Pennsylvania Wildlife Federation, in the classroom category. Sheldon is prof. of biology at Messiah C. in Grantham, PA. and vice-president of the ASA.
The Federation noted Sheldon's "significant contributions to natural resource conservation." The mission of the federation is to "educate Pennsylvanians about our environment and inspire them to protect, conserve and nurture our natural resources."
As head of the environmental science program at Messiah C., Joe has incorporated his love of the outdoors into the curriculum, with a hands-on approach, such as leading students on birding trips in the Florida Everglades. He has also taught them tropical ecology in Belize and has led many field trips throughout PA, some to sewage plants to help students better understand the impact humans have on the environment. The awards banquet was held March 31 in Harrisburg.
Darwin Day
Tennessee has taken advantage of its renown for controversy over Darwinism in government education. They held Darwin Day in Knoxville. Not surprisingly, the participants could not come to agreement over how the issue should be handled.
Botany professor Massimo Piggliucci said that while there are differences of approach within the scientific community over evolutionary biology, the bigger issue is political and pedagogical. He belongs to the faction that believes Darwinian evolution undermines religious belief in the way it attempts to explain nature, and that teachers should encourage a free exchange of views, including creationist views.
Keynote speaker and Cornell U. science historian, Will Provine, agrees that Darwinism may lead to atheism and creationist views should not be excluded from the classroom. NCSE Executive Director, Eugenie Scott, thinks otherwiseóthat Darwinian theory does not exclude theistic belief but that creationist views should be kept out of biology classrooms.
Ironically, those Darwinists finding Darwinism and Christianity incompatible welcome biblically-motivated alternatives while those finding the two capable of harmonization reject them. The key issue is the kind of religion that is compatible and/or the extent of entanglement of Darwinism with biblically incompatible worldview presuppositions.
Provine and Scott have recently been interacting with each other and ASAers on the ASA list server (asa@calvin.edu), starting from their Darwin Day participation. Phillip E. Johnson
Insert Bill Dead in Washington State
The drive to put disclaimers in biology textbooks as inserts has moved from Alabama to the Pacific Northwest, where such a bill was introduced in the Washington legislature. According to John Wiester, chairman of ASA's Science Education Commission, WA Senator Hochsteader "has wisely withdrawn his bill." John was concerned about the quality of the proposed insert and that
" he had not laid any groundwork...It was a very unwise move on his part and I'm glad it is over for now as he hadn't even checked with the Discovery Institute even though he is well acquainted there. Who knows why he introduced the Bill in the first place.
Wiester was glad that "we had some influence in stopping the process."
Textbook Insert Origin
by John Wiester
The original insert, known as the Alabama Insert, was drafted by Norris Anderson and others on the Textbook Committee in Alabama. Norris is author of "Education or Indoctrination? Analysis of Textbooks in Alabama," available from Access Research Network, e-mail: arn@arn.org; website: www.arn@arn.org.
Because of my position as co-author of Teaching Science in a Climate of Controversy and Chairman of the Science Education Commission of the ASA, Phil Johnson, Norris Anderson, and others often refer calls for help from legislative and legislative advisory committees to me. I was unhappy with the Alabama Insert and have begun a collaboration with Norris on developing an improved version for several states and local districts.
The November 24, 1997 version is a generic version developed as a result of reviewing three 1998 biology texts for a hearing in Texas with three days notice. The three books are: Biology: The Living Science (Prentice Hall, 1998); Biology: The Dynamics of Life (Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, 1998); and Biology: The Web of Life (Scott Foresman/Addison Wesley, 1998).
The reviewers were developmental biologist Jonathan Wells, who reviewed the sections on embryology; Walter Bradley, in material science, who was one of the authors of The Mystery of Life's Origin, and Wiester, who reviewed the treatment in these textbooks of:
"whether the fallacy of equivocation was employed with that manipulable word "evolution,"
whether a distinction was drawn between the well-established capability of natural selection as a mechanism for minor variation as opposed to major innovation; and the treatment of the Cambrian explosion as the example of whether the students were being presented with unanswered questions and unsolved problems."
The three people above are not a formal committee. They were at another meeting in Texas when a Texas school-board member happened to walk through the lobby, recognized Walt Bradley, and begged for help as the hearing on textbooks was three days away. Walt nabbed Jonathan and me and we went to work. Our draft was never used, by the way, but since these situations are always rushed, I thought it was an ideal time to refine and improve the draft. I submitted it to Norris and the four of us honed it a bit so that students could better comprehend it.
In any event, I welcome input from those who have analyzed textbooks or can suggest better wording for student understanding. Ideally, there should be a separate insert for each textbook, but we do not yet have the resources to accomplish this.
I am encouraged to report that we have made substantial progress in the improvement of at least one biology textbook. Author Kenneth Miller has greatly improved the Miller/Levine (Prentice Hall) text, Biology: The Living Science, as a result of Science Education Commissions sponsorship of his debate with Michael Behe at ASA95 in Montreat, NC. Praise the Lord! In my opinion, it is now the best text on the market, although still in need of further improvement.
I should like to close by saying that this insert business does not have an official standing within the ASA. Nonetheless, some school-board members and legislators are determined to do something and most of the initial input and drive comes from our young-earth friends. I view my role at present as one of attempting to steer the results in a more constructive direction, in line with ASA's 1991 resolution, "A Voice for Evolution as science." Your prayers will be appreciated.
ASA Geologists Hear Scott at Ussher Symposium
Kenneth Van Dellen
On October 22, 1997, I heard Eugenie Scott of the National Center for Science Education give a paper in the Archbishop Ussher Symposium, "Quantifying Earth History," at the annual meeting of the Geological Society of America. It was titled, "Ussher, Young-Earth, and Old-Earth Creationism." She began by pointing out that there are creationists and there are creationists. One group believes that God created everything all at once and created all of the "kinds, whatever they are," separately. The other group is made up of evolutionists.
She then went on to plot on a diagonal line, from upper left to lower right, a spectrum of views. These are:
"Flat Earthers (who use the biblical "four corners" as a basis)
Geocentrists (who also use Bible passages as a basis)
Young-Earth Creationists
Old-Earth Creationists:
Day-age creationism
Gap creationism
Progressive creationism
Intelligent Design theory
Theistic evolutionists
Materialists: philosophical and methodological"
She said she was not a believer, but stressed that students should not be required to make a choice between creation and evolution (or between Christianity and science).
Analysis: I totally agreed with her spectrum, except that some theistic evolutionists might prefer to be thought of as old-earth creationists. Also, I have long been of the view that it is unfair and inappropriate to present to students that there are only two positions, young-earth creationism (YEC) and traditional science, as is so often pushed for in the public schools by Fundamentalist parents.
As a Christian who is not a young-earth creationist, I would not want my children or grandchildren to be taught that the YEC and the traditional version of origins are the only two.
I was surprised at the fair, balanced, and even-handed way that Scott presented her paper. I think it was a revelation for many who heard it. Likewise, the introduction of "Archbishop Ussher" in his clerical attire and the comments that the "Archbishop" made, presented information about what Ussher did and what Lightfoot did. The basis for their calculations was briefly explained. "Ussher" closed with the observation that we are better able to calculate the Earth's age than he was, and he hoped that our results stood up better after 150 years than his have. I was suspicious that this would be an opportunity for ridicule, and it turned out to be quite the opposite. Keith B. Miller
"Science and the Spiritual Quest" Conference
The John Templeton Foundation is sponsoring the "Science and the Spiritual Quest" conference, June 7ñ10, 1998, at the U. of California, Berkeley, CA. It will be directed and hosted by the Center for Theology and the Natural Sciences.
This conference will feature some of the world's leaders in the areas of physics, cosmology, biology, and computer and information sciences. Also included will be three major theologians, who will offer their assessments of the present challenges and possibilities of the interface between science and their respective religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. They will address the human quest for an integrated picture of life, the universe, and ultimacy.
For more information, contact: Professional Meeting Planners, 5 Central Sq., Suite 201, Stoneham, MA 02180; tel. (781) 279-9887 or (800) 378-6857; fax: (781) 279-9875; PMPMeeting@aol.com
E-Mail List for Christians in Astronomy
At the Jan. 1998 meeting of the American Astronomical Society, several Christians met for an informal lunch, including Martin Gaskell, Debbie Haarsma, Bill Keel, Chip Kobulnicky, Larry Molnar, and Jennifer Wiseman. The group decided to start an e-mail list for Christians in astronomy, to aid in networking with each other and in planning gatherings at future astronomy conferences.
For further information about the list and subscription instructions, send a message to majordomo@calvin.edu with the words info chr-astro as the body of the message. Debbie Haarsma
What ASAers Do
Jon Vandegriff of Greenbelt, MD completed his Ph.D. in physics at Ohio State U. last fall. He explained elevated metal abundances in very old quasars. Then he became a Raytheon systems engineer, maintaining software for the science and safety monitoring of the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer, a NASA satellite operated from NASA Goddard in MD.
Pradeep Maxwell Dass completed his doctorate of science education at the U. of Iowa and is now an assistant professor of sci. ed. and biology at Northeastern Illinois U. in Chicago. He is in charge of the secondary science preservice teacher education program and he also teaches in the biology dept. In January, Pradeep presented a paper at the annual conference of the Assoc. for the Education of Teachers in Science (AETS) on "Preparing Professional Science Teachers: Critical Goals."
After 45 years of chemistry teaching (42 of them at Bradley U. in Peoria, IL and three at Westminster C.), Thomas Cummings is experimenting with Florida as a place to live in winter. This research will take a couple of years to determine whether the Cummings will make it their permanent residence.
Science & Society
Loka Alerts are short essays or action alerts concerned with democratizing science and technology. They are distributed free of charge by the Loka Institute, on average no more than once a month.
The political premise behind most Loka Alerts is that: (1) science and technology have become crucial forces in shaping the modern world; and (2) it is both desirable and feasible to broaden the range of people who are able to influence decisions about science and technology.
To subscribe to the Loka Alerts e-mail list, contact: Dick Sclove, Executive Director, The Loka Institute, P.O. Box 355, Amherst, MA 01004; tel. (413) 582-5860; e-mai1: resclove@amherst.edu; http://www.amherst.edu/~loka Joseph Carson
Welcome, New Members: February ñ March 1998
Bakke, Lauren ñWenham, MA
Bakker, Dawn ñGuelph, ON Canada
Brooks Hedstrom, Mark ñKettering, OH
Capela, Jennifer ñCorry, PA
Christ, Courtney ñMurrysville, PA
Douglas, Scott ñScarborough, ON Canada
Fichera, Maria ñSecane, PA
Fohl, Jr., George ñButler, PA
Foley, Michael ñGrove City, PA
Fortier, Rebecca ñBelle Vernon, PA
Grana, Theresa ñPittsburgh, PA
Hancock, Marty ñAustralia
Heffner, Andrew ñGrove City, PA
Hildebrand, Mylo ñThorold, ON Canada
Hill, Sarah ñGrove City, PA
Hyatt, Brian ñNew Brighton, MN
Johnson, Stephen ñCape Girardeau, MO
Johnston, Vicky ñYellowknife, NT Canada
Karafiath, Cynthia ñGrove City, PA
Lahti, David ñAnn Arbor, MI
Lyons, John ñColumbia, MD
Masters, Lucy ñTyler, TX
Means, Paul ñAberdeen, WA
Palutke, Alfred ñStephens City, VA
Parkin, Brian ñGrove City, PA
Patton, Serene ñGrove City, PA
Pryor, Karen ñGrove City, PA
Rienstra-Kiracote, Jonathan ñLawrenceville, GA
Roote, Carol ñRochester, NY
Rowlands, J. Craig ñLittle Rock, AR
Schanz, Paul ñGrove City, PA
Schmitt, II, John ñBeaverton, OR
Simunic, Tajana ñSunnyvale, CA
Sweger, Elizabeth ñGrove City, PA
Tippie, Carol ñGrove City, PA
Vassallo, Sara ñGrove City, PA
Wang, Chiaoyin ñPalo Alto, CA